Showing posts with label Australia. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Australia. Show all posts

Saturday, May 26, 2012

How Successful Are We At FreshWater Management?

A study was completed in early 2010 that mapped threats, like scarcity and pollution, to freshwater supplies at the regional level. This study shows that humankind has, so far, a good record at combating threats to freshwater security is many parts of the world.
Conclusions of the Study
1. About 80% of the world's population exists in areas where freshwater supplies are NOT secure
2. The most severe threat is to 3.4 billion people
Natural Areas of Freshwater Scarcity
Natural areas of Scarcity
Source - nature.com
Looking at the global map:
- Much of North America (especially the population centers of Canada, US and Mexico) and Western Europe is under high stress. Many areas experience extreme natural stress
- Much of Middle Africa should be fairly unstressed
- Most of India and Western China are under high natural stress.
- There are wide areas with NO natural water flows like, much of Australia, northern and Southern Africa and Inner Asia.
Impact of Human Intervention
Freshwater Managed by Humankind
Source - nature.com
Looking at this global map, some startling results are visible:
- Much of North America (except Mexico) is being managed to virtually eliminate natural unavailability of freshwater
- Middle Africa, despite being under few natural forces of water stress, is experiencing extreme freshwater scarcity
- India's water management is somewhat successful at alleviating natural water stresses but has a long way to go to be freshwater secure
- China's water management is somewhat successful at alleviating natural water stresses but has a long way to go to be freshwater secure
Assumptions underlying the Study
Undoubtedly, we need to better understand and agree with all the assumptions, subjective factors, weighing of individual threats, combining of threats, etc before people all over the world will accept how well or how poor a job they have done on freshwater security.
However, there are three conclusions that we should all be able to agree on:
A. The threat of freshwater scarcity is a common threat virtually everywhere around the globe.
B. There are two options to resolve this common threat: We can
EITHER work together, addressing the BIG scale of the threat, to find a universal solution, 
OR we leave it to individual nations and regions to work out their individual custom solutions.
C. The problem of freshwater insecurity is so large in scale that time is of the essence i.e. we must eradicate freshwater security quickly before the increasing freshwater demand overwhelms us. This increasing demand is coming in the next decade from the 500+ million people who are expected to dramatically improve their Standard of Living and the 700 million additions to the human population

Saturday, March 24, 2012

WORLD WATER DAY March 22, 2012

The GOOD news

Source - guardian.co.uk
"Drinking Water Access" MDG
The Millennium Development Goal: Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking-water
Goal has been met ahead of schedule
By this measure:
(a) 89%  of the global population (6.1 billion people) had access to clean drinking water by 2010,
(b) 92% of the global population will have access to safe drinking water by 2015, and 
(c) Between 1990 and 2010, more than 2 billion people gained access to clean drinking water


The NOT-so-Good facts
1. An estimated 1.1 billion people still lack access to clean drinking water
2. 2.6 billion people don't have adequate sanitation
3. 1.8 billion people die every year from diseases associated with dirty water


A Global Crisis Looms
Source - 
1. The MDG goal assessment (above) becomes clearer when the details are closely reviewed.
- Sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania (the orange colored areas) are NOT on track to meet Global drinking water access goals.
- Data at the country level also hides many extended periods of drought in many countries including those in the developed world (e.g. in Southwest USA and in Eastern Australia)
2. More than 40% of the world's population will live in areas experiencing high stress by 2050 (Source: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)
3. An additional US$30 billion is needed to provide access to everyone
4. Considering only population growth, rainfall amounts per person have dropped precipitously e.g. rainfall in Pakistan provided 5,000 cubic meters of freshwater for each person in 1947. Rainfall provides less than 1,000 cubic meters for each person today.

A few other facts
1. Food production is the single consumer of freshwater supplies today - over 80% of available freshwater supplies in Asia are used for growing food.
2. China, India and the US use roughly one-third of the roughly 4,000 cubic kilometers of freshwater extracted globally each year - India uses approx 13%, China uses approx 12% while the US uses approx 9%. (source: Fourth World Water Development Report by UNESCO)
3. Food demand is expected to rise by 70% by 2050


The way forward
Technological Innovation or .....?